ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 9194 First edition 1987-12-15 INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Bases for design of structures -- Actions due to the self-weight of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials -- Density Bases de calculs des constructions - Actions dues au poids propre des structures, des élements non structuraux etdesmatériaux entreposes-Masses volumiques Referencenumber ISO 9194 : 1987 (E) ernational Organization for Standardization Not for Resale Foreword national standards bodies (ISoO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normaliy carried out through Iso technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with Iso, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by. the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the Iso Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures 'requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard ISO 9194 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 98 Basesfordesignofstructures. Usersshould notethatall International Standardsundergorevisionfromtimetotime and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latestedition,unlessotherwisestated. InternationalOrganizationforStandardization,1987 Printed in Switzerland Copyightlitematinal Organizatin for Standadization No reproduction or networking permitted withoutlicense from IHS Not for Resale INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO9194 : 1987 (E) Bases for design'of 'structures -- Actions due to the self-weight of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials -- Density oIntroduction density, expressed in kilograms per square metre (kg/m2) (mass related tosurface area). General principles on reliability of structures are given in ISO2394. 3.3In some countries roofings are considered to be external Since at the moment, only insufficient statistical data of den- load, causing pressure on the structure (by analogy with, for example, snow load) - consequently these are expressed in sities are available,the values given inthis International Stan- dard are deterministic ones. In general they may be interpreted newtons per square metre (N/m2) or in pascals 1). as mean values of densities. For this reason, roofings (see annex A) are given as surface Even these mean values are in some cases different for the pressures, together with the values of surface density. for giving a range of two values for one material in this Inter- 3.4 Densities of stored materials substantially depend on national Standard. how they are placed. Usually two methods of stocking are distinguished : Each country in its relevant standards should use its traditional values which are in the indicated range. a) disorderly storage of materials; b) orderly storage of materials. Scope and field of application Disorderly or bulky stored materials are stored without bales, This International Standard defines the actions due to the self- forming a natural heap. Orderly stored materials are stored in weight of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials. It gives the numerical values of their densities. stocks orpileswith orwithoutbales. These actions are to be determined by multiplying the densities 4 Density values by the gravitational acceleration and by the actual volume. The actions causedbytheweightof theearthplaced onthestruc- tures are similarly calculated. 4.1 The representative value of the density of materials and/or components of structures, non-structural elements and stored materials is in general determined by the mean value. 2 Reference The representative value is generally represented by a unique ISO 2394, G